Hog-hunting Television Shows & Silver Bullets Won't Fix the Nation's Wild Pig Problem

Wildlife Management Institute

Gardners, PA --(Ammoland.com)- Talk to any wildlife biologist in the southern United States about wild pigs, and you’re likely to hear something akin to at least one of the following, “They’re the four-legged equivalent of fire ants;” “If the average litter is six, typically eight survive;” “Only a fence that will hold water will hold feral hogs.”

Even the most rigorous scientists are reduced to using these tongue-in-cheek aphorisms to describe the harsh reality and seemingly apocalyptic future of North America’s second-most harvested mammalian game species, reports the Wildlife Management Institute.

No other domesticated animal becomes feral so easily and survives more adaptively than the swine. Often labeled the “ultimate generalist,” the pig’s spread throughout North America via a biological trifecta of high reproductive potential, climate tolerance and ability to re-organize entire ecosystems has resulted in something not unlike a pandemic. According to those who have witnessed the wild pig’s march across the continent, the invasion is best characterized as an “ecological train wreck.”

Forty-five states and four Canadian provinces are currently grappling with the environmental and financial calamity brought about by the feral, wild or hybrid pigs within their borders. Though population estimates are difficult to determine, most experts believe that North America is home to between three and six million wild pigs.

“They can live in just about any habitat; anywhere from the Canadian Prairie Provinces down to the deserts of Mexico and all parts in between,” said Dr. Jack Mayer, research scientist and manager at the Savannah River National Laboratory.

According to Mayer, three distinct types of wild pigs reside in North America. First is the feral pig, originating from domesticated stock brought to Florida by Hernando de Soto in the mid-1500s. Second is the pure Eurasian wild boar, introduced to the continent by hunters in the late 1800s. Last is the hearty, hybridized hog, resulting from crosses of the two parent strains. Wildlife managers collectively refer to all three types of invasive swine simply as wild pigs.

The feral pig/wild boar hybrid is by far the most prolific of the three strains and likely the most adaptive.

“Virtually every habitat in North America is represented in the wild boar’s native range in Eurasia,” notes Dr. Ben West, the western region director for the University of Tennessee Extension. “Thus, there is huge genetic potential in the hybrid pig.”

According to West and other wildlife biologists, the hybrid wild pig’s ability to adapt and thrive in habitats of all major ecosystems in the United States is likely unlimited and largely unknown.

The wild pig’s capacity to increase its numbers and expand its range is unparalleled among North America’s invasive mammals. Females are capable of reproducing at six months of age and can produce up to three litters a year. Though the typical litter averages six, sows can give birth to as many as a dozen under good conditions. Surprisingly, female pigs can breed well into their teens; researchers have documented pregnant sows as old as 14. This reproductive proficiency combined with an absence of natural predators has allowed many wild pig populations to double in as little as four months.

According to data collected by the Southeast Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, wild pig populations in the U.S. have irrupted in the last 30 years. In 1982, 475 counties in 17 states contained wild pigs. By 2004, the number of counties reporting wild pigs had risen to 1,014. Based on current estimates, those numbers are on a fast track to double again in the near future.

As prophesized by one Texas Parks and Wildlife game warden, “There’s only two kinds of folks—those who have hogs and those who will have ‘em.”

Given the level of ecological and agricultural destruction currently being waged by hogs, the future cost of managing their swelling populations will pose a major challenge to already fiscally strapped state fish and wildlife agencies.

Pennsylvania Game Commission Lifts Restriction On Taking Feral Hogs

Recent estimates of the damage done to natural and agricultural resources by wild pigs approach $1.5 billion annually, with heavily infested states such as Texas suffering nearly $52 million of swine-caused wreckage every year. The bulk of the damage stems from the pigs rooting through vegetation and soil in search of roots, tubers, invertebrates and crops. The resulting tilling effect destroys agricultural land, disturbs native plant communities, causes erosion and, as is the case in Hawaii, creates standing water hollows that serve as breeding grounds for non-native mosquito species. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the explosion of disease harboring mosquito populations in Hawaii has had a devastating effect on the island’s already declining native bird populations.

The wild pigs’ destructive feeding behavior poses a particular threat to sensitive wildlife species and their habitats. According to studies by researchers at Texas A&M University, wetlands and riparian areas suffer the most damage from wild pigs. In some areas, nearly 50 percent of the habitat is significantly degraded by the hogs’ rooting and wallowing. Additionally, these wet areas also are experiencing increased bacterial contamination in the form of E. coli and fecal coliform from the ever-present pigs.

“Hogs are deadly to anything that nests on the ground,” stated West. “One of the best examples is the depredation of sea turtle eggs on Ossabaw Island.”

Before the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR) began an intensive wild pig removal program on Ossabaw, a barrier island south of Savannah, sea turtle nests on the islands’ sandy beaches suffered greater than 30 percent mortality. Today, as a result of the GDNR removing nearly 3,000 hogs from the island annually, those nests experience less than 5 percent mortality.

Interestingly, researchers also documented a significant increase in the body weight of Ossabaw’s white-tailed deer following wild pig reduction efforts. This fact, along with other research conducted in southeastern hardwood forests, demonstrates that wild pigs present a formidable source of competition for dozens of native wildlife and plant species. Largely due to the pigs’ habit of bulldozing seedlings and rooting for mast crops, such as acorns, these forested areas are experiencing dramatic change. Hardwood regeneration has nearly halted and many wildlife species are outcompeted for critical resources.

Unfortunately, the wild pig’s impact on native mammals is not restricted to increased competition or habitat destruction. Hogs harbor numerous diseases as well as internal and external parasites that are transmissible to wildlife, livestock and even humans. Many of these diseases, such as brucellosis, tuberculosis and the pseudorabies virus have been the target of national disease-eradication programs for livestock. As wild pig numbers continue to increase and spread to new areas, biologists are concerned that their efforts to eradicate or reduce the prevalence of these diseases in wild and domestic animals will be in vain. In addition, researchers at the USDA National Wildlife Disease Center note the possibly insurmountable challenge of controlling an “accidental or intentional outbreak of a foreign animal disease, such as foot and mouth, rinderpest, African swine fever or classical swine fever” if those diseases were ever to find their way into the wild pig population.

To date, no single technique used to control the spread or overall numbers of wild pigs has proven successful—a fact not lost on disease specialists and wildlife managers. According to West, 50 to 70 percent of a wild pig population must be removed each year to stabilize or begin reducing it. Unfortunately, hunting and other lethal control methods account for only 20 percent a year on average. Even more frustrating to wildlife managers is the fact that hunters are the one’s largely responsible for the viral spread of wild pigs to new geographic regions across the country.

NJ Hunters Permitted to Take Feral Hogs

Given that the wild pig is listed as an invasive animal in most states, hunters are presented with a nearly unlimited and often year-round season during which to harvest hogs. This, unfortunately, has led many individuals to shuttle and re-stock wild pigs illegally into new areas. In an interesting and somewhat contradictory move in 2009, several states, including Kansas and Nebraska, actually outlawed the hunting of wild pigs in an effort to halt their spread. By eliminating the opportunity to hunt, these states hope to remove the incentive to introduce wild pigs. Time will tell if the effort proves successful.

Currently, significant research is being conducted on swine-specific toxins to aid in the control of wild pigs. Ironically, the most promising of these new products, commercially known as Hog-Gone, is a concentrated form of sodium nitrite, the most common pork preservative used worldwide. While initial results look promising, it is likely that no silver bullet exists to rid North America’s diverse habitats of the wild pig. According to West and other wildlife biologists, only constant monitoring and unified efforts between hunters, landowners and wildlife management agencies can protect native ecosystems from the invasion of the wild pig.

In the words of Michael Bodenchuk, State Director of the Texas USDA Wildlife Services, “We’re not going to barbeque our way out of this problem.”

Learn more regarding wild pigs and their management. (mcd)

About:
Wildlife Management Institute: Founded in 1911, WMI is a private, nonprofit, scientific and educational organization, dedicated to the conservation, enhancement and professional management of North America’s wildlife and other natural resources. Visit: www.wildlifemanagementinstitute.org

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

AUSTIN, Texas --(Ammoland.com)- According to survey results compiled by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service 74% of Texas’ 254 counties contain feral hog populations and there is a good chance Texas Parks & Wildlife Department offers feral hog hunting opportunities in those counties on almost 1 million acres of Public Hunting Lands scattered across the state.

Right now is as good a time as any to hit the woods feral hog hunting. Given the drought conditions across the state hunters can anticipate feral hogs being around whatever water sources are available, especially with acorn-producing trees nearby.

In East Texas there are several Wildlife Management Areas that offer year-round hog hunting, but staff recommends keying in on those areas associated with rivers such as Alabama Creek, Alazan Bayou, Angelina Neches/Dam B, North Toledo Bend, and Blue Elbow Swamp Wildlife Management Areas.

With the purchase of a hunting license and a $48 Annual Public Hunting Permit hunters will be mailed a publication that includes maps, legal game box descriptions, and means and methods of hunting for each and every Wildlife Management Area, Public Hunting Land, State Park, etc…available in our Public Hunting Program.

Additionally, folks can digitally-scout these areas before heading down the highway by visiting http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/hunt/public/lands/maps/

About:
The Mission of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, (TPWD), is to manage and conserve the natural and cultural resources of Texas and to provide hunting, fishing and outdoor recreation opportunities for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. Visit: www.tpwd.state.tx.us

New Jersey Hunters Permitted to Take Feral Hogs in Zones 25 & 65

New Jersey Fish and Game

Trenton, NJ --(Ammoland.com)- The NJDEP Division of Fish and Wildlife has issued a Special Wildlife Management Permit to control feral hogs in Deer Management Zones 25 and 65. Hunters do not need a separate permit to pursue hogs.

They only need to have their regular hunting license and deer permits necessary to hunt deer during the applicable seasons.

Feral hogs may be pursued during the season dates prescribed for Deer Management Zones 25 and 65 and may be harvested anywhere in Zones 25 or 65.

Sportsmen and sportswomen will be permitted to shoot free-ranging feral hogs of either gender and any age while deer hunting during all deer seasons in zones 25 and 65, provided they have not reached the season bag limit for deer.

The bag limit for feral hogs is unlimited.

For more information on hunting feral hogs, including season dates for both zones and the requirement to check in harvested hogs, visit http://www.njfishandwildlife.com/news/2011/feralhogs11.htm on the division’s website.

Ohio Department Natural Resources

COLUMBUS, OH --(Ammoland.com)- Two tick species of public health importance are becoming more common and expanding their range in Ohio – the blacklegged tick and the lone star tick, according to the Ohio Department of Health, Zoonotic Disease Program.

Lone star ticks are common in southern Ohio where they can be found in shady areas along roads, meadows, and woods, and are active from May to the end of summer. These ticks can transmit a bacterial disease called ehrlichiosis.

Blacklegged ticks were once considered rare in Ohio, but now account for about 5 percent of annual tick submissions, primarily from eastern Ohio counties. These ticks are known transmitters of Lyme disease and other, less common human diseases.

Last year, researchers from The Ohio State University (OSU) confirmed an established population of blacklegged ticks in Coshocton County. Ashtabula County was just added to the list and other counties are likely to be included, according to OSU extension entomologist Dr. Glen Needham. Ticks and white-footed mice collected from Coshocton County were positive for the Lyme disease bacterium based on tests done by scientists at OSU College of Veterinary Medicine.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), reported cases of Lyme have been steadily rising across the country since national surveillance began in 1982. In 2010, there were more than 30,000 reported cases in the U.S. and more than 8,500 probable cases. An average of 53 Lyme disease cases are reported in Ohio each year, with about half of these acquired during travel outside the state.

Adult blacklegged ticks are actively looking for hosts, such as people, pets or deer, not only in the fall, but on warm winter days as well. This is very different behavior from the lone star ticks or the more common American dog ticks, which are not active from September through March.

Unlike pets and humans, wild animals such as deer are not affected by the blacklegged tick and suffer no ill effects from Lyme disease. Additionally, Lyme disease cannot be transmitted by the consumption of venison. Hunters should keep in mind, however, that hunting and dressing deer may bring them into close contact with infected ticks.

Everyone, especially hunters, should be aware of this new threat and take precautions to prevent tick attachment. Outer clothing should be sprayed with a permethrin-based repellent according to label directions the day before hunting and allowed to air dry. Pants should be tucked into socks or boots and shirts into pants to keep ticks on the outside of clothing. These ticks will be difficult to spot on camouflage clothing. All clothing should be carefully inspected for small, dark crawling ticks before entering vehicles and going indoors. Once inside, thoroughly check for small, attached ticks.

Remove attached ticks as soon as they are discovered to reduce the risk of contracting tick-borne diseases. To safely remove ticks from yourself, hunting dogs, or deer, use tweezers or your fingers protected by paper towel or tissue. Grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible and pull straight out with steady, even pressure. Do not use petroleum jelly, fingernail polish, alcohol, cigarettes or matches to try to kill or stimulate the tick to move out because those methods do not work and may be dangerous.

The Ohio Department of Health’s web site has helpful information and images about tick identification and tick-borne diseases. To learn more visit www.odh.ohio.gov and search the A-Z index using the word “tick.” The CDC web site has further details on Lyme disease nationally at www.cdc.gov/lyme.

If you believe the tick you found is a lone star or blacklegged tick, or if you are unable to indentify the tick, you may take the tick to your local health department or mail the tick to Ohio Tick Survey, Zoonotic Disease Program, 8995 East Main Street, Building 22, Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068.

To have the tick identified, it should be saved in a hard container such as a pill bottle or film canister. Place a few blades of grass in the container with the tick. Containers should be mailed as soon as possible. If needed, the ticks may be safely refrigerated for several days until mailed. Be sure to include the following contact information: name, address and phone number; date tick was collected; Ohio county where it was collected, and indicate whether or not the tick was attached to a person or animal.

The first sign of Lyme disease is usually an expanding large circular rash that appears from three to 30 days after attachment and lasts for days or weeks. This rash may be followed by fatigue, chills, fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes. Seek medical attention immediately if any combination of symptoms occurs, and mention the possibility of Lyme disease. Antibiotics are very effective when the disease is detected early.

The ODNR ensures a balance between wise use and protection of our natural resources for the benefit of all. Visit the ODNR Web site at www.ohiodnr.com.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources

Michigan --(Ammoland.com)- A Department of Natural Resources director’s order listing sporting swine as an invasive species took effect over the weekend on Oct. 8, making it illegal to possess the animals in Michigan.

“Absent a regulatory program in Michigan law for sporting swine facilities, the invasive species order is being put into effect,” said DNR Director Rodney Stokes.

Stokes said active enforcement of the invasive species order will not start prior to April 1, 2012, with compliance visits to swine shooting and breeding facilities planned after that date.

Sporting swine facilities can use the next six months to schedule hunts to reduce the population of sporting swine on their properties. Facilities still in possession of sporting swine on April 1, 2012, may face violations and fines.

The DNR acted to list sporting swine as an invasive species to help stop the spread of invasive swine across the State to eliminate the disease risk they pose to humans, domestic pigs and wildlife, and to prevent damage to agricultural and other lands. The state is working with the U.S. Department of Agriculture to eradicate feral swine.

Legislation was also passed last year allowing people with any valid hunting license to shoot feral swine on public land and on private land with the permission of the landowner.

For more information on feral swine in Michigan, go to www.michigan.gov/feralswine.

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is committed to the conservation, protection, management, use and enjoyment of the state’s natural and cultural resources for current and future generations. For more information, go to www.michigan.gov/dnr.

Ohio Hunters Asked to Help Spot Asian Longhorned Beetle

Ohio Department Natural Resources

COLUMBUS, OH --(Ammoland.com)- Ohio hunters are asked to be on the lookout for trees displaying signs and symptoms of Ohio’s newest, non-native invasive insect, the Asian longhorned beetle, according to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR), Division of Wildlife.

Hunters pursuing game in Ohio’s woodlots, especially in southwestern Ohio, are encouraged to report sightings of any suspicious tree damage or beetles. While the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) has only been found in Clermont County in Tate Township and parts of Monroe Township, hunters should be alert for this pest in trees across the state.

Trees affected by the ALB include all species of maple, birch, horse chestnut, poplar, willow, elm, ash, mimosa, mountain ash, London plane, and Ohio buckeye.

Hunters should look for trees displaying large, round exit holes with smooth edges, often oozing sap, as a strong indication of ALB activity. Frequently, piles of frass (insect waste and sawdust) are found at the base of infested trees and in branch crotches. Leaves of infested trees may also exhibit unseasonable yellowing or drooping.

Hunters can report suspicious tree damage or suspected ALBs by calling toll free at (855) 252-6450 or going online to www.BeetleBusters.info.

Hunters are also encouraged to buy firewood near their destination – BUY IT WHERE YOU BURN IT. Invasive species can “hitch-hike” to new wooded areas and cause infestations, impacting the landscapes that are enjoyed for hunting. There are several quarantines in Ohio that restrict the movement of firewood; protect our forests by not moving firewood.

The ALB already has caused tens of thousands of hardwood trees to be destroyed in Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

This invasive beetle has no known natural predators and poses a threat to Ohio’s hardwood forests (more than $2.5 billion in standing maple timber) and the state’s $5 billion nursery industry, which employs nearly 240,000 people.

Ohio Hunters Asked to Help Spot Asian Longhorned Beetle

Learn more about the Asian longhorned beetle at agri.ohio.gov/TopNews/asianbeetle/.

The ODNR ensures a balance between wise use and protection of our natural resources for the benefit of all. Visit the ODNR Web site at www.ohiodnr.com.

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries

Louisiana --(Ammoland.com)- The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) wants to remind citizens that a valid Louisiana hunting license is still required to take outlaw quadrupeds including feral hogs with the new laws that went into effect today, Aug. 15.

Legislation passed during the 2011 Legislative Session, provides additional options for citizens to take outlaw quadrupeds (armadillos, coyotes, feral hogs) and nuisance animals (nutria and beaver).

House Bill 294, signed into law by Governor Bobby Jindal as Act 95, makes it legal beginning today, to take outlaw quadrupeds, nutria and beaver at night from March through August on private property with any legal firearm.

Anyone taking part in these activities at night is required to notify the parish sheriff’s office 24 hours in advance of any such hunt.

Additionally, House Bill 169, signed into law by Governor Jindal as Act 29, allows the take of nuisance quadrupeds at night using sound suppressors on the firearm(s) utilized, beginning today. Anyone using such a weapon must have in possession a valid permit issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The use of sound suppressed weapons is restricted to the take of outlaw quadrupeds, including coyotes and feral hogs, from March through August on private property.

The Department of Wildlife and Fisheries is charged with managing and protecting Louisiana’s abundant natural resources. For more information, visit us at www.wlf.louisiana.gov on Facebook at www.facebook.com/ldwffb or follow us on Twitter @LDWF.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources

Michigan --(Ammoland.com)- The Department of Natural Resources today announced the schedule of volunteer stewardship workdays to be held throughout July in southeastern Michigan state parks and recreation areas.

Volunteers are needed to control invasive, non-native plants including pulling spotted knapweed, controlling swallow-wort and cutting invasive shrubs from natural areas within state parks and recreation areas.

These activities will help protect and restore unique natural areas – including wetlands, prairies and woodlands – in these southeastern Michigan state parks. Volunteering for these workdays is a great way to get outside, enjoy Michigan’s beautiful summer scenery and get some fresh air.

Dates, times and locations of the workdays are as follows:

• - Saturday, July 9, Island Lake Recreation Area (Livingston County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Saturday, July 9, Bald Mountain Recreation Area (Oakland County), 9 a.m. to noon
• - Sunday, July 10, Waterloo Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Sunday, July 10, Algonac State Park (St. Clair County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Wednesday, July 13, Waterloo Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Saturday, July 16, Highland Recreation Area (Oakland County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Saturday, July 16, Waterloo Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Sunday, July 17, Pinckney Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Wednesday, July 20, Waterloo Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Saturday, July 23, Island Lake Recreation Area (Livingston County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Sunday, July 24, Brighton Recreation Area (Livingston County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.

Volunteers should bring appropriate clothing for outdoor work, including long pants, boots, gloves and drinking water.

For information about the specific tasks at each location and to get maps and directions, visit the DNR website at www.michigan.gov/dnrvolunteers and link to the “Calendar of Volunteer Stewardship Workdays.” All volunteers are asked to register. Any questions should be directed to Laurel Malvitz-Draper at malvitzl@michigan.gov or 248-359-9057.

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is committed to the conservation, protection, management, use and enjoyment of the state’s natural and cultural resources for current and future generations. For more information, go to www.michigan.gov/dnr.

Cows To Help Improve Marsh Habitat At Brandywine Creek State Park

Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife

Delaware --(Ammoland.com)- In an effort to restore the Freshwater Marsh Nature Preserve within Brandywine Creek State Park, DNREC’s Division of Parks and Recreation will borrow two cows from a Delaware farm to graze the area and help reduce the number of invasive plants.

The two Belted Galloway cows, from Belted Galloway Cows of Centerville, will be on loan for seven to eight weeks beginning later this month. They will graze a five-acre fenced area in the park’s nature preserve.

“The cows are being used for prescribed grazing, or restoration,” said Rob Line, Environmental Stewardship program manager, with the Division of Parks and Recreation. “The Belted Galloways are an ancient Scottish breed used to eating coarse grasses, which is why they will work so well on a site like this,” Line said.

The project is a partnership among Delaware State Parks, which owns the land, DNREC’s Division of Fish and Wildlife’s Natural Heritage program scientists, who will help monitor vegetation changes at the site, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which provided the $23,500 funding to build the fence.

“This is new for Delaware, but not new for marsh restoration projects throughout the Northeast,” continued Line. “Very often, sheep, goats and other cow breeds are utilized for prescribed grazing.” Historic records show that dairy cows grazed the area during the 1940s.

The cows will suppress invasive plants – especially reed canary grass among others - by eating and crushing them since the weight of the cows breaks up the root mat. The black and white cows weigh approximately 1,200 pounds each.

“Their grazing will be beneficial to Delaware’s native plants and animals, including rare species that are currently being compromised by the invasives,” Line said.

The cows will arrive after the fence is completed, expected by the end of June. Plans are for the cows to be used for seven to eight weeks during spring and summer months for the next few years. DNREC will monitor the marsh to determine how much grazing will be needed from year to year.

Wisconsin DNR

MADISON, WI --(Ammoland.com)- As residents and visitors to Wisconsin gear up for camping, fishing, hiking, and other recreation activities, state invasive species control specialists are asking them to consider how these activities can inadvertently spread invasive plants around the state.

“As we venture out to enjoy nature, everyone should be mindful of how humans and our activities can play a critical role in either increasing or slowing the spread of invasive plants,” says Tom Boos, an invasive plant control specialist with the Department of Natural Resources Division of Forestry.

At this time of year, Boos says, garlic mustard is one of the most recognizable invasive plants in woodland settings and it is easily spreads by seed.

“Simply scraping mud off your boots or shoes before and after spending time in garlic-mustard infested areas and removing any seeds stuck to clothing can dramatically reduce the risk of spreading this and other invasive plants to new areas,” Boos says.

After camping, people should shake out and brush off equipment to avoid spreading invasive species to the next spot they set up camp. When fishing excursions come to an end, anglers should never dump worms or other bait in the water or out “in nature.”

“It is best to dispose of unused worms in the trash to avoid introducing worms into a nearby forest where they greatly harm the forest,” Boos says. “And remember to always remove any aquatic plants from boats and trailers and to drain all water before leaving a boat landing to avoid spreading aquatic invasive species or fish diseases.”

People take the time to visit parks and other wild areas because of their beauty and biodiversity, Boos notes, so taking these easy steps can help protect those valuable natural resources.

Regardless of the type of recreation activities people are participating in, there are simple actions they can take to minimize the spread of invasive species.

The Wisconsin Council on Forestry Invasive Species Best Management Practices [council.wisconsinforestry.org/invasives] (exit DNR) lists preventative steps for a wide range of outdoor activities from motorized sports and horseback-riding to hiking, biking, camping and hunting. There are also activity based handouts on the website that you can share with others that send the basic message of “Slow the spread by sole and tread”.

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Tom Boos – (608) 266-9276

Michigan Department of Natural Resources

Michigan --(Ammoland.com)- The Department of Natural Resources is seeking volunteers for stewardship workdays at southeast Michigan state parks and recreation areas in May.

Volunteers will help remove garlic mustard, a non-native invasive plant, from natural areas while other volunteers will help with native plantings at Algonac and Sterling state parks.

This activity will help protect and restore unique natural areas in these southern Michigan state parks and recreation areas, especially woodlands. Volunteering for these workdays is a great way to get outdoors, enjoy spring, and promote a healthy lifestyle with light exercise, all while helping to preserve our natural resources.

Dates, times and locations of the workdays are as follows:

• - Sunday, May 1, Highland Recreation Area (Oakland County), 1 to 4 p.m.
• - Saturday, May 7, Island Lake Recreation Area (Livingston County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Saturday, May 14, Bald Mountain Recreation Area (Oakland County), 9 a.m. to noon
• - Saturday, May 14, Saugatuck Dunes State Park (Allegan County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Saturday, May 14, Waterloo Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Sunday, May 15, Highland Recreation Area (Oakland County), 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
• - Sunday, May 15, Algonac State Park (St. Clair County), 1 to 4 p.m.
• - Saturday, May 21, Bald Mountain Recreation Area (Oakland County), 9 a.m. to noon
• - Sunday, May 22, Pinckney Recreation Area (Washtenaw County), 1 to 4 p.m.
• - Sunday, May 22, Sterling State Park (Monroe County), 1 to 4 p.m.

Volunteers should bring appropriate clothing and be prepared for outdoor work, including long pants, boots, gloves, sunscreen and drinking water.

These efforts are part of the Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) initiative to control invading species and help protect the natural heritage of Michigan state parks in the process. For more information about getting involved in the EDRR initiative, visit the DNR website at www.michigan.gov/dnr-parkstewardship.

For more information about the specific tasks at each location and to obtain directions, visit the www.michigan.gov/dnrvolunteers and link to the “Calendar of Volunteer Stewardship Workdays.” All volunteers are asked to register using the form available on the web site. Any questions should be directed to Laurel Malvitz-Draper at malvitzl@michigan.gov or call 248-359-9067.

The Recreation Passport has replaced motor vehicle permits for entry into Michigan state parks, recreation areas and state-administered boating access fee sites. This new way to fund Michigan’s outdoor recreation opportunities also helps to preserve state forest campgrounds, trails, and historic and cultural sites in state parks, and provides park development grants to local communities. Michigan residents can purchase the Recreation Passport ($10 for motor vehicles; $5 for motorcycles) by checking “Yes” on their license plate renewal forms, or at any state park or recreation area. To learn more about the Recreation Passport, visit www.michigan.gov/recreationpassport or by calling 517-241-7275.

Non-resident motor vehicles must still display a valid Non-Resident Recreation Passport ($29 annual; $8 daily) to enter a Michigan state park, recreation area or state-administered boating access fee site, which can be purchased at any state park or recreation area, or through the Michigan e-Store at www.michigan.gov/estore.

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is committed to the conservation, protection, management, use and enjoyment of the state’s natural and cultural resources for current and future generations. For more information, go to www.michigan.gov/dnr.

Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife

SMYRNA, Delaware --(Ammoland.com)- DNREC’s Division of Fish and Wildlife is seeking volunteers to help remove non-native vines that have invaded a section of the Blackbird Reserve Wildlife Area near Smyrna.

The volunteer removal effort runs from 1 to 3 p.m. Sunday, April 10.

The invasive vines, including Wintercreeper Euonymous, English ivy and Japanese wisteria, are clinging to trees and covering native plants and wildlife habitat.

Volunteers will be using hand tools to remove the vines. Gloves and tools – pruners, loppers, handsaws, etc. – will be provided, but volunteers are welcome to bring their own.

Due to the nature of the work, volunteers under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult. Volunteers also are strongly encouraged to pre-register with contact information in case of inclement weather leading to postponement.

Volunteers will be meeting at the wildlife area’s parking lot on Eagles Nest Landing Road.

Interested in volunteering or more information? Please contact Lynne Staub, volunteer coordinator with the Division of Fish and Wildlife, at 302-735-3600, or by email at lynne.staub@state.de.us.

To learn more about Fish and Wildlife’s volunteer programs and upcoming projects, visit www.fw.delaware.gov/volunteers

Pennsylvania Game Commission Lifts Restriction On Taking Feral Hogs

Pennsylvania Game Commission

HARRISBURG, PA --(Ammoland.com)- Pennsylvania Game Commission Executive Director Carl G. Roe today announced he has lifted protection on feral swine in Bedford County and has issued an updated executive order to allow for the incidental taking of feral swine statewide by licensed hunters.

“This decision to lift protection in Bedford County is based on the need to continue to take feral swine in this area, and we have not identified opportunities for trapping in this area,” Roe said. “Should trapping opportunities arise, we will reinstate the restrictions on swine hunting in particular areas of interest since trapping is the most effective way to remove feral swine from the wild and to limit their dispersal into new areas.”

A survey of Game Commission staff completed last year indicated fewer sightings of feral swine compared to the survey completed in 2006. In 2008, five counties were identified to retain protection so that hunters would not interfere with trapping operations that were ongoing. In 2009, restrictions were lifted in four counties leaving only Bedford County where trapping operations were ongoing.

The Game Commission has determined that the eradication of feral swine from Pennsylvania is necessary to prevent further harm to public and private property, threats to native wildlife and disease risks for wildlife and the state’s pork industry. The agency is not seeking to establish a hunting season, but is committed to rid Pennsylvania of this invasive species.

Roe noted that the Game Commission has a “Feral Swine” section on its website (www.pgc.state.pa.us), which can be accessed by putting your cursor on the “Hunt/Trap” tab in the menu bar at the top of the homepage and then click on “Feral Swine” from the drop-down menu listing. The site includes links to the executive order, the current news release regarding feral swine and a brochure.

Licensed hunters, including those who qualify for license and fee exemptions, are eligible to participate in the unlimited incidental taking of feral swine. Hunters may use manually-operated rifles, revolvers or shotguns, as well as muzzleloaders, bows and crossbows. All other methods and devices legal for taking feral swine must be conducted and/or used in compliance with the provisions of Section 2308 of Title 34 (Game and Wildlife Code), which can be viewed on the agency’s website (www.pgc.state.pa.us) by putting your cursor on the “The Law” tab in the menu bar at the top of the homepage and then click on “Title 34: Game and Wildlife Code.”

Additionally, the agency may issue permits to authorize individuals to engage in feral swine trapping operations, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services. Feral swine trapping, by permitted individuals, will only be allowed from the close of the flintlock muzzleloading season in mid-January to the beginning of spring gobbler season, and from the end of spring gobbler season until the beginning of archery deer season.

Any person who kills a feral swine must report it to the Game Commission Region Office that serves the county in which the harvest took place within 24 hours. The swine carcass must then be made available to agency personnel, who will gather samples to monitor for the presence of disease.

Roe encouraged residents who witness feral swine to also contact the Region Office that serves their county. For contact information, as well as list of counties that each region office serves, visit the Game Commission’s website (www.pgc.state.pa.us), put your cursor on “About Us” in the menu bar at the top of the homepage and click on “Regional Information” in the drop-down menu listing.

Nearly 25 states across the nation have persistent and possibly permanent populations of feral swine established in the wild, and Pennsylvania is one of 16 states where introduction is more recent and may still be countered through decisive eradication efforts.

Feral swine have been declared to be an injurious, non-native, invasive species of concern in Pennsylvania that are suspected to have been introduced into the wilds of this Commonwealth through a variety of means, including both intentional and unintentional releases. Feral swine also have been determined to pose a significant, imminent and unacceptable threat to this Commonwealth’s natural resources, including wildlife and its habitats; the agricultural industry, including crop and livestock production; the forest products industry; and human health and safety.

The Game and Wildlife Code (Title 34) and agency regulations (Title 58) provide broad authority to the Game Commission to regulate activities relating to the protection, preservation and management of all game and wildlife. The agency was declared to have jurisdiction over matters relating to feral swine by the state Supreme Court in Seeton v. PGC. In its decision, handed down on Dec. 27, 2007, the Supreme Court declared feral swine to be “protected mammals,” and, as a consequence, feral swine could only be taken as authorized by the agency.

The Hog Hunter, Ronnie Robison with Prize Hog

Horus Vision

San Bruno, CA --(Ammoland.com)- I recently had the pleasure of speaking with Ronnie Robison, a true American adventurer, who made me aware of an ongoing problem, which in no way, shape, or form is a new development- but I, being from the northern part of California (I know, I probably shouldn’t publicize this information so freely) was clearly unaware of.

The issue has to do with an overpopulating breed of wildlife, not native to the U.S.

There are anywhere between 2-3 million in Texas alone! And on average, each female can reproduce 280 offspring in a lifetime…

No, I’m not referring to illegal immigrants (that I do know about, living in California). I am talking about feral hogs!

Luckily, there are people like Ronnie Robison in the world to help defeat the war on these ghastly and atrocious creatures. Don’t get me wrong, I’m an animal lover, but these are not your domesticated pigs, like Babe and Wilbur. And even though Disney tried to give wild hogs a good name, with Hakuna Matata singin’ Pumba, they won’t fool anyone who has had first hand encounters with the real deal.  I contacted Mr. Robison after my co-worker, Michelle, came across some pictures he had sent over months ago. She started reminiscing about her conversation with the “Hog Hunter” and how it topped her list of best customer conversations she ever had. I stopped and asked her what she was talking about, and she snapped out of her trance, surprised, realizing she had not shared her convo with me earlier.

Michelle went on to tell me how he called about a mishap with the H-3 Horus Scope (an older version of the Raptor 4-16x, which we don’t make anymore). We had sent him a replacement with a newer version, but later realized his zero on the H-3 had been altered in the process. He was so thrilled his scope was still in tip-top shape; he called to tell Michelle he sent the replacement scope back, because it was a false alarm and his was working just fine.

To give Michelle an idea of the line of work he used our scope for, he told her about a mission he had with the local airport. The air strips at this particular airport are made of dirt, and hogs were going in and rooting for food right on the runway. These “hog holes” were so large, they actually caused a plane to flip over.

So Ronnie “The Hog Hunter” Robison was called to the rescue!

Robison and his wife rolled in with a trailer, which is designed to hunt coyotes and hogs. Robison designed a two-story trailer that will carry two four wheelers. From the trailer, they shoot hogs with their 300 mag rifles. He calls this “East Texas Homeland Defense.”

Michelle sent me pictures to confirm her explanation and exclaimed, “You have to call him, Liz! He has some great stories, but best of all is how animated and vivacious he is when he tells them. You’re going to love him! He uses our scope to hunt his hogs,”

Michelle’s enthusiasm was persuasive, so I decided to give this mysterious hog hunter a call.

I gave Ronnie Robison a call, introduced myself, and instantly, it was as if we were best friends and had spoken on the phone hundreds of times before. He said in his heavy Texan twang, “This is such strange timing, because my Palm I use your ATrag program from, died today! I’m not lying. I’ve had it for something like 10 years and the day it dies, you happen to call me! I am very sad to see that thing go, as I hunted many hogs with it. I think it finally bit the dust for good. But anyway… let me just tell you about some of the experiences I’ve had with your Horus System…”

Robison began by premising his origin of residency to give me an idea of the environment where he hunts hogs. He is from Orange, Texas, a small town on the border of Louisiana and 20 miles from the Gulf of Mexico. By his description, half of Orange is swampland, while the other half is marshland. He clarified the difference (since I didn’t know) and that is while swamps have trees, marshes do not, and consist of only grass.

According to Robison, “Except for antelope, every law can be broken in Orange County.” He could hunt anything he wanted, but chooses to hunt hogs. This is for several reasons.

First, feral hogs have the ability to double their population every four months with proper nutrition and favorable conditions. They can reproduce at rates of two litters of 10-13 piglets every 12-15 months. Besides the volume of hogs, their size is also a factor. On average, a hog is 130 pounds, a sow 110, but they are now getting up to 450-500 pounds.

Second, they are a farmer’s nightmare. They are not native to our country, but highly adaptable and extremely destructive to our environment. They are omnivores and will eat just about anything. Robison reported one measly hog of only 65-pounds doing $35,000 worth of damage in a single night (just imagine what a 500-pound hog could do).

Besides being destructive to landscaping, they are tremendously dangerous. There are reports of wild hogs killing humans. They tend to go after weak and injured humans, vulnerable children, as well as dogs and pets. They are highly attracted to birthing premises to feed off fetal tissue. They rarely leave remains, since they eat the entire subject, so their damage is often underestimated. Plus, they are notorious for transmitting parasites to domesticated animals and humans.

There have been recent discussions in media about the reason for the increase of growth and viciousness within the feral hog community, and one speculation is the cross-breeding between hogs, creating a genetically superior hog with a lot of hostility.

On top of it all, hogs are highly intelligent and hard to catch. They are nocturnal, so when deer hunters are going in for the day, Robison is making his way out to catch some hogs. He said to me, “They’re kind of like vampires- when it’s dark, then that’s when the blood flows.”

The feral pig problem is ongoing and as Ronnie stated, “It takes coots like me to get drenched and catch the hogs. I’d rather hunt hogs than deer any day.”

To illustrate the misconception on these hogs and the perception people have in regard to them, he told me a story about a woman who was the former Miss Orange years ago, and needed his help handling a hog who went wild in her yard.

Miss Orange was an animal lover who fed the raccoons, opossums, and even the hog who showed up at her back door one day. She named it “Miss Piggy” and soon learned of Miss Piggy’s wrath when she woke up to find her flower beds in shambles.

Miss Orange called Robison to help her control Miss Piggy, but she had one rule- he couldn’t hurt the hog.

Robison told her it would be tough to get the hog under control graciously, but he assured her he would not harm the hog.

Robison and a buddy set-up traps, but the highway was 30 yards away and created a problem. Hog traps are $300-$400 a piece, and highly sought after in Hog country. Luckily, Miss Orange had several Lincoln Navigators to spare, so they parked the vehicles strategically to block the traps from highway rubberneckers.

The hog was eventually corralled, but it wasn’t pretty, as Robison ended up with a sliced ear, and his buddy ended up with a gash in the stomach.

Miss Orange was horrified, as she had no idea how dangerous Miss Piggy really was. She forced $100 on Robison for his endeavors, and many apologies, but Robison refused the money. When he lost that battle, he took the $100 and donated it to the Salvation Army.

Now the part I’ve been holding back on, which makes Ronnie Robison even more intriguing, is besides the fact he decides to hunt such an unruly mammal, but that he does it all from his trailer or on a pair of crutches, because he has minimal use of his legs. He contracted a disease over 14 years ago, restricting use of his legs, as they have become weak and painful with any stress placed upon them. Robison didn’t let this stop him, though. He innovated new ways to get around and said, “If I want something, don’t get in my way. I’m going to get through. You have to cut my head off to get me to quit.”

The crutches he uses are not ordinary crutches, but All Terrain Crutches (ATC) Robison developed after his car died in the middle of a rice field and he had to crawl two and a half hours in the heat of August to civilization. The bottoms of the crutches have welded teeth so they can be used in rice fields, but also in marshland and swampland surrounding Robison’s home.

Robison uses his Horus Scope for every hog hunt. He said, “The scope is an old 4-16x H-3. I would not be afraid to pull it off the rifle and beat a hog to death with it, then put it back on the gun.”

Horus Reticle

The farthest hog-kill Robison has made is 524 yards, and that was in the dark! His goal is to kill a hog at 1000 yards one day. He likes the thick lines of the reticle for hogs.

He said, “You need one hell of a crosshair to find black hogs in the dark. It’s the only scope I ever use for hog hunting because of the abilities.”

We discussed some people’s resistance to the Horus grid, and he said, It’s so virtually simple! Have a street map. Can you go to 6th Street and turn right on Green Street? People look at the grid, not through the scope. You have to look at the target- then the grid disappears. Take it to the simplest way.”

As Robison stated, “When it’s not my terms, I need Horus. I don’t have time to set-up a different scope. Don’t have the luxury of light to check charts. That’s why I use Horus. If the target was under my control, I could use any high quality Schmidt & Bender, whatever, but don’t have that luxury.

Robison’s hog-killing record was 29 in one month, 62 in a year, in one 400 acre pasture. The hogs just kept coming through, and Robison just got a lease extension for another three years. He is planning on having some new hog stories soon.

I asked if he ate the hogs he killed. And his answer was, “Of course!” He has a waiting list of people who want hogs to chow down on. He also donates hogs to a “Feed the Hungry” program. Nothing goes to waste.

The pig problem is not nearly under control, but Ronnie “The Hog Hunter” Robison is making a killing in every way he can to help stop feral hogs from taking over Texas.

To show our appreciation for his hard work, dedication, testimonial, and excellent entertainment, he received an iPaq to make up for his Palm that died that day. Someone needs to keep those hogs under control, so they don’t migrate over to California (we have enough problems).

Robison sent me an e-mail after our conversation and wrote, “You probably think I’m crazy, but I assure you I’m telling the truth!” He sent me references to confirm his stories, but I didn’t check, because as I told him, I definitely can’t argue with him about being crazy to engage in such an activity, but I know he is not lying.

Many thanks to the Hog Hunter!

About:
Horus brings cutting-edge technology to long-range shooting to help you shoot farther with ultimate accuracy. Horus reticles, scopes, ballistics software and accessories offer a simpler solution for making fast, precise, bulls-eye hits consistently. Our easy-to-use reticle design and targeting software deliver dramatic improvements no matter what your skill level. Visit: www.horusvision.com

100-Plus Pound Exotic Tortoise Discovered Living In The Arizona Desert

Arizona Game and Fish Department

PHOENIX, AZ – -(Ammoland.com)- An exotic African spurred tortoise weighing in excess of 100 pounds was discovered living in the desert near the Queen Valley area recently – it had been in the area long enough to establish two burrows, including one that was 9-feet deep.

“Finding an exotic tortoise this size inhabiting the Sonoran Desert is a reminder of how important it is not to release any exotic species into the wild,” said Cristina Jones, the turtles project coordinator for the Arizona Game and Fish Department.

Jones said exotic species such as this one could significantly harm native species, like the Sonoran desert tortoise, by spreading diseases into wild populations and out-competing them for available resources. “In addition, due to their immense size, while defending its territory an African spurred tortoise could easily injure a native desert tortoise.”

This is the second African spurred tortoise in the wild reported this year in Arizona. Game and Fish also often receives calls from people who find these large, exotic tortoises wandering neighborhoods.

“When people purchase these tortoises they are about the size of a silver dollar, yet they can grow to more than 150 pounds,” Jones said. “These exotic tortoises are long lived and because of their propensity to dig long, deep burrows, they can be extremely difficult to contain.”

While tortoises can escape, pet owners may intentionally release them into the wild when they get too large or the people can no longer care for them. Jones pointed out that people think they are doing the tortoise a favor by releasing it into the wild, but that is not the case. “Releasing the tortoise into the wild is actually harmful to the tortoise as well as to native species.”

“Keeping these tortoises from escaping and damaging our native wildlife is the responsibility of the owner,” Jones said. She added, “If you have a captive tortoise that you can no longer care for, please contact a pet store or your local reptile rescue.”

Jones explained that exotic species are a burden on our limited conservation dollars, including Heritage Funds, which are so critical to the department’s ability to manage Arizona’s native wildlife.

In addition to African spurred tortoises, Game and Fish also responded to reports of a leopard tortoise found in Buckeye and an alligator snapping turtle discovered at Papago Park.

NJ Hunters Permitted to Take Feral Hogs

New Jersey Fish and Game

Trenton, NJ - -(Ammoland.com)- The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s Division of Fish and Wildlife has issued a Special Wildlife Management Permit to control feral hogs in Deer Management Zone 25.

Hunters do not need a separate permit to pursue hogs in this zone. They need only have their regular hunting licenses and deer permits necessary to hunt deer during the applicable seasons.

Feral hogs compete with wildlife for available food sources, prey upon ground-nesting birds and small mammals and may carry disease. For these reasons, feral hogs are classified as a potentially dangerous exotic animal. The increase in the population of feral hogs has also resulted in damage to lawns, golf courses, farm crops and forests in Gloucester County.

Feral hogs may be pursued during the season dates prescribed for Deer Management Zone 25 and may be harvested anywhere in Zone 25. Sportsmen and sportswomen will be permitted to shoot free-ranging feral hogs of either gender and any age while deer hunting during the Fall Bow, Permit Bow, Six-day Firearm, Permit Muzzleloader, Permit Shotgun and Winter Bow seasons, provided they have not reached the season bag limit for deer.

The bag limit for feral hogs is unlimited and no special permit is required. Shooting is permitted Monday through Saturday during legal deer hunting hours during the Permit Shotgun, Permit Muzzleloader and Six-day Firearm seasons. Feral hogs may be pursued seven days per week on wildlife management areas and on private properties during the Fall Bow, Permit Bow and Winter Bow seasons. Only weapons authorized for deer hunting may be used to take feral hogs. Written permission must be obtained from the landowner to pursue feral hogs on private property.

Feral hogs must be checked at the Sportsmen’s Outpost on Fries Mill Road in Williamstown. Personnel from the New Jersey Department of Agriculture may be at the deer check station on key days of the hunting season to take samples. Harvested feral hogs may be retained for personal consumption. Sportsmen are responsible for the butchering and disposal of the carcass.

Deer hunters are advised that people can contract diseases, such as brucellosis from infected feral hogs. Plastic or rubber gloves should be worn while field-dressing feral hogs. Unwanted entrails should be burned, buried or disposed of to prevent access by animals. Work surfaces and utensils used to field-dress and butcher hogs should be cleaned and disinfected to prevent the spread of disease. Feral hog meat should be thoroughly cooked before it is eaten.

This Special Wildlife Management permit offers sportsmen and sportswomen a unique opportunity to assist the Division of Fish and Wildlife in protecting New Jersey’s natural resources and species biodiversity. Though the known population of feral hogs in New Jersey is currently small, hunters can help eradicate them before they become well established and negatively affect the state’s natural heritage.

Weed-Killing Bugs to Improve Wildlife Habitat

Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation

MISSOULA, Mont. --(Ammoland.com)- Some 3,000 weevils are scheduled for an Aug. 12 release into areas of the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest near Anaconda, Mont.

If the bugs establish breeding populations and hold true to their species’ habit of boring into and killing spotted knapweed, a noxious plant that displaces native grasses and forbs, this “bio-control” project over time will improve significant habitat for elk and other wildlife.

The project is receiving funding and volunteer manpower from the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, along with partnership and expertise from the U.S. Forest Service.

The weevil species to be released, Cyphocleonus achates, is known for laying eggs at the base of spotted knapweed plants. Developing larvae bore into the taproot, damaging weed tissues and eventually killing the plant.

“Elk Foundation volunteers will be releasing weevils in the Stucky Ridge area,” said Dale Kerkvliet, RMEF director of Habitat Stewardship Services.

“These bugs are used more and more in tandem with herbicides because using multiple tools to combat noxious weeds helps ensure effective and long-lasting results. Once the weeds are gone, native grasses, forbs and shrubs will return, improving habitat for elk and wildlife in general.”

Forest Service Range Specialist Cameron Rasor said, “We’ll be releasing 200 bugs in each of 15 different sites–some of which also were weevil release sites last year. We hope to find populations of insects that were able to overwinter as larvae and emerge as adults this year. If we find adult weevils already living at the release sites, I’ll consider this project headed for success.”

RMEF and officials with the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest are planning a variety of collaborative projects to enhance 17,000 acres of elk habitat over a 10-year span. The weevil release is a highlight of the partnership’s third year.

About the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation:
Snowy peaks, dark timber basins and grassy meadows. RMEF is leading an elk country initiative that has conserved or enhanced habitat on over 5.8 million acres–a land area equivalent to a swath three miles wide and stretching along the entire Continental Divide from Canada to Mexico. RMEF also works to open, secure and improve public access for hunting, fishing and other recreation. Get involved at www.rmef.org or 800-CALL ELK.

Giant salvinia is one of hundreds of invasive species changing the very landscape of Texas. Giant salvinia suffocates fish, chokes lakes, if giant salvinia is allowed to take over Texas lakes, it won't be our Texas anymore...

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

AUSTIN, TX —-(AmmoLand.com)- The invasive species Web site http://www.texasinvasives.org/ debuts a complete redesign this month, featuring new interactive features enabling people to report sightings and take action to stop the spread of invasive plants and animals that threaten the state’s economy, environment and quality of life.

Invasive species are plants and animals that invade and take over, pushing out beneficial native plants and animals and causing problems for people. Nationwide, invasive species cost the U.S. economy an estimated $137 billion per year. In Texas, just one species, the red imported fire ant, causes more than $256 million in damages per year, not to mention the cost in human misery from its painful bites.

The redesigned Web site emphasizes public interaction, including a new “Report It” function where people can log sightings of invasive pests, an “Eco Alerts By Region” feature that provides geographically-specific information on problem species in different areas of the state, and new social media features like YouTube videos.

Also new: the site used to focus solely on invasive plants, but it is being expanded to include aquatic and terrestrial insects and organisms like zebra mussels, and will ultimately feature feral hogs and other problem animals. The site still offers a comprehensive database of invasive plant species, with photos to identify them and ways to report them or control their spread.

“The Report It feature will enlist the aid of Texans to help keep out the worst of the worst,” said Damon Waitt, senior botanist with the Wildflower Center, part of the University of Texas at Austin. The Wildflower Center rebuilt the Web site and manages it on behalf of the larger partner group. “We see time and again that citizens are our first line of defense to help stop new introductions.”

Besides telling people what to avoid, the Web site also shows what to do. It links to resources showing how to “go native” with hardy, drought-tolerant native plants that help conserve water, reduce mowing and upkeep costs, provide habitat for birds, butterflies and other wildlife, protect the soil and save money on water, fertilizer and pesticides.

People can learn how to become Citizen Scientists by clicking the Invaders tab of the new Web site, where they can see a list of training workshops offered by 34 satellite groups now keeping an eye out for invasive species across Texas.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s marketing group and its ad agency Sherry Matthews Advocacy Marketing worked with the Wildflower Center to make the site more visually appealing and easier to navigate and more accessible to non-scientists, while still featuring a separate robust section for professionals.

“We made a conscious effort to make it public-friendly by strengthening the education and outreach components,” Waitt said.

Since the redesigned site launched, visitor traffic has grown to 26,000 page views from April 1-14, compared to an average of about 21,000 views in an entire month last fall.

The Report It feature lists nine invasive species that are “on or at the doorstep of Texas” and already pose huge problems in other states. “Some are here, others aren’t here yet, and we want to know if and when they arrive,” Waitt said.

Waitt said various state and federal agencies actively follow reports on the Web site about invasive species sightings. Texas Parks and Wildlife is interested in problems like giant salvinia and zebra mussels. APHIS is watching the cactus moth. The Texas Forest Service is tracking the emerald ash borer and soapberry borer.

“These agencies have some control and management options, and if they can catch invasive species early before they become established, that’s the most effective and cost efficient strategy,” Waitt emphasized.

TPWD helped fund the texasinvasives.org redesign to support a major public awareness campaign that launched this month to combat giant Salvinia, which has been reported in 17 Texas lakes, including popular recreation spots like Toledo Bend, Sam Rayburn, Caddo Lake, and Lake Conroe. Left unchecked, giant salvinia can choke off boating and fishing access to an entire lake and displace native plants, fish and other wildlife.

“We viewed this new website as critical for our ‘Hello Giant Salvinia, Goodbye Texas Lakes,’ awareness campaign because we needed a user-friendly website to provide detailed information on how boaters, anglers and Texans can help,” said Darcy Bontempo, TPWD marketing director. “We couldn’t have asked for a better partner than the Wildflower Center to create this invaluable online resource.”

Partners behind texasinvasives.org include the nonprofit Texas Invasive Plant and Pest Council, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Texas Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, NationalBiological Information Infrastructure, and Texas AgriLife Extension.

On the Net: www.texasinvasives.org

Giant Invasive Snakes

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Washington, DC --(AmmoLand.com)- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has published a proposed rule in the Federal Register to designate the Burmese python and eight other large constrictor snakes as “injurious wildlife” under the Lacey Act. If finalized, the designation will prohibit the importation and interstate transportation of these species.

In addition to the proposed rule, a draft economic analysis and environmental assessment are available for public review and comment for 60 days. These documents are available at: http://www.regulations.gov under Docket No. FWS-R9-FHC-2008-0015.

“We greatly value the public’s input and encourage engagement into this rulemaking process. The control of invasive species, including pythons and other large constrictor snakes, is a key step in our larger effort to restore the Everglades and protect other vulnerable areas of the country,” said Acting Service Director Rowan Gould.

On January 20, 2010, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar announced the Service would propose to designate these large constrictor snakes as injurious species. Salazar made the announcement at the Port of New York, which serves as the largest point of entry in the nation for imports of wildlife and wildlife products.

Under the Lacey Act, the Department of the Interior is authorized to regulate the importation and interstate transport of wildlife species determined to be injurious to humans, the interests of agriculture, horticulture or forestry, and the welfare and survival of wildlife resources of the United States.

The Burmese python (Indian python) is currently established across thousands of square miles in south Florida, and a population of boa constrictors is established south of Miami. In addition, evidence strongly suggests that a population of northern African pythons is reproducing on the western edges of Miami. The other species being considered in the proposed rule are the reticulated python, southern African python, yellow anaconda, DeSchauensee’s anaconda, green anaconda, and Beni anaconda. None of the nine species of snakes is native to the United States.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service jointly funded a U.S. Geological Survey assessment, which highlighted the ecological risks associated with the establishment of the nine large constrictor species. All were shown to pose a high or medium risk to the health of ecosystems in the United States.

Burmese pythons and other large constrictor snakes are highly adaptable to new environments and prey on a wide variety and size of animals. Burmese pythons threaten many imperiled species and other wildlife. Two Burmese pythons were found near Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge with the remains of three endangered Key Largo woodrats in their stomachs. As a result of these threats, more than 1,300 Burmese pythons have been removed from Everglades National Park and vicinity since 2000. Others have been removed from the Florida Keys, along Florida’s west coast and farther north along the Florida peninsula.

For Service information on injurious wildlife and how to send a comment, as well as links to partner agencies, visit: http://www.fws.gov

The mission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. We are both a leader and trusted partner in fish and wildlife conservation, known for our scientific excellence, stewardship of lands and natural resources, dedicated professionals and commitment to public service. For more information on our work and the people who make it happen, visit www.fws.gov.

Thanks Steve for The Python Pic

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

Florida --(AmmoLand.com)- The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is offering a special chance for hunters to capture and remove reptiles of concern from state-managed lands around the Everglades.

From March 8 to April 17, those with a hunting license and a $26 management area permit may take reptiles of concern (Indian python, reticulated python, northern and southern African rock python, amethystine or scrub python, green anaconda and Nile monitor lizard) on Everglades and Francis S. Taylor, Holey Land and Rotenberger wildlife management areas (WMAs).

The specially created season, established by executive order, follows the close of small game season on the three WMAs, and continues during a period when the nonnative snakes are likely to be encountered. During cooler months, cold-blooded reptiles sun themselves on levees, canal banks and roadways to warm up. This makes them easier to spot, capture and remove.

“We are once again engaging our stakeholders, in this case, the hunting community, to help us reduce the number of reptiles of concern in the Everglades,” said FWC Chairman Rodney Barreto. “Our hunters are on the front lines, and we hope, by tapping into their knowledge of the Everglades, we can make significant progress in this effort.”

On Monday, Feb. 22, a large group of hunters will receive training on how to identify, stalk, capture and remove reptiles of concern. The FWC and experts from the reptile industry will provide the training, which includes lessons in biology and behavior. A local tanner also will be on hand to explain the value of harvested hides.

“In order to increase the numbers of reptiles of concern taken, we believe it is important to give the hunting community the tools for success, and that means the knowledge they need to apply their skills,” Barreto said.

Representatives from the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Big Cypress National Preserve, South Florida Water Management District and Army Corps of Engineers are scheduled to attend the event.

Reptiles of concern may be taken by all legal methods (including shotguns, rimfire rifles and pistols) used in the taking of game animals; however, the use of centerfire rifles is prohibited. Reptiles of concern may not be taken out of the wildlife management areas alive and must be reported to the FWC within 36 hours by calling, toll-free, 866-392-4286, or by visiting MyFWC.com/ROC.

Responsive Management

Harrisonburg, VA – -(AmmoLand.com)- Fish and wildlife agencies nationwide are under increasing pressure to respond to nuisance wildlife calls and situations. Yet many agencies receive no funding for these activities — it simply constitutes an added-on, unfunded responsibility.

The differences between the responses of Delaware residents and Division employees presented below reveal a common dilemma for many fish and wildlife agencies that involves wildlife management, funding, and public expectations: What level of involvement should fish and wildlife agencies have in managing nuisance wildlife?

In the survey, about 1 in 5 Delaware residents (22%) indicate that they have had problems with wild animals or birds in their neighborhood or around their home — that means that close to 150,000 Delaware residents experience such problems. The most common problem animals are deer, raccoons, opossums, birds, foxes, woodchucks or groundhogs, and squirrels. Common problems are damage to gardens, damage to yards, threat to humans, threat or harm to pets, getting into garbage, structural damage to homes or buildings, and agricultural damage.

Delaware residents were asked who they think should be most responsible for addressing nuisance wildlife problems in Delaware, and they could name more than one entity. A majority of residents named the Division (66% think the Division should be most responsible). Other commonly named entities include the property owners themselves (31%) and local or county governments (31%). Given the scenario that the Division would address nuisance wildlife in specific incidents, Delaware residents were asked if the Division should primarily provide advice and guidance only or provide services such as removal as well (or if the Division should provide both about equally). The large majority (75%) indicated that the Division should provide both about equally; otherwise, they are split between advice/guidance (12%) and services (10%). In this question, 85% of Delaware residents give an answer that entails the Division providing some removal services.

In follow-up, Delaware residents were presented with the scenario that the Division would provide removal services. Residents were then asked if they agree or disagree that the Division should charge a fee to do so, and they are evenly split: 46% agree, and 47% disagree.

Division employees were also asked if they agree or disagree that the Division should be responsible for the removal of nuisance wildlife, and a majority of employees (61%) disagree that the Division should be responsible for such removal.

In the same follow-up as the resident survey, employees were presented with the scenario that the Division would provide removal services. Employees were then asked if they agree or disagree that the Division should charge a fee to do so, and the large majority (80%) agree that the Division should charge a fee for such services.

Some fish and wildlife professionals feel that involvement with nuisance wildlife beyond simple technical assistance should not be the responsibility of the state fish and wildlife agency. Others feel that the issue should be embraced and that it represents an opportunity for additional funding and a way to connect the agency with urban and suburban residents. Some fish and wildlife professionals also feel that nuisance wildlife is a wildlife management issue that will not go away and should be dealt with by the agencies in some way.

Regardless of individual philosophy, agencies will have to deal with ever-increasing nuisance wildlife calls in one manner or another, and internal and external assessments such as this study can provide an important starting point for confronting new and non-traditional wildlife management issues

About:
Responsive Management is a public opinion survey research firm specializing in natural resource, wildlife, environmental, and outdoor recreation issues. Visit: www.responsivemanagement.com

Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks

BURLINGTON, Kansas —-(AmmoLand.com)-  On Jan. 27, a group of anglers were fishing near the warm-water discharge in Coffey County Lake when they spotted an unexpected wildlife specimen — a 5-foot, 4-inch alligator.

Fortunately, the grizzled reptile was dead, so the anglers netted the critter and notified lake authorities, who called Jason Goeckler, aquatic nuisance species specialist for the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP).

“Alligators do not survive Kansas winters,” Goeckler said, “so this big guy was likely released by someone and then found refuge in the warm water of Coffey County Lake. We have no way of knowing how long it has been there.

Lake staff estimate the animal to be 6-8 years old, but we can’t confirm that or at what age it was released. What we can tell folks is that release of exotic wildlife such as this is irresponsible, illegal, and potentially dangerous to native species.”

In recent years, the spread of harmful, non-native species into Kansas waters has increased. The most notable example is the zebra mussel, which has been discovered in a number of Kansas waters and is known to be extremely destructive to native wildlife and municipal water systems. The cost of invasive species in the U.S. amounts to more than $100 billion annually.

The escape or release of animals and plants from aquariums, terrariums, or ponds and water gardens is harmful to pets and native wildlife, but it is avoidable. KDWP recommends that instead of releasing unwanted pets — including alligators.

Owners should use one of the following alternatives:

• find a new home for the pet;
• contact a pet dealer for proper handling advice or for possible returns
• give/trade with another aquarist, pond owner, or water gardener
• donate to a local aquarium society, school, or aquatic business
• contact a veterinarian or pet retailer for guidance about humane disposal of animals
• or seal aquatic plants and animals in plastic bags, freeze, and dispose in trash.

The American alligator is a warm weather species found from the southern Virginia-North Carolina border along the Atlantic Coast to Florida, and along the Gulf of Mexico as far west as the Rio Grande River in Texas. The only possible way for this animal to have reached Kansas is by human transport.

For more information about being a responsible aquarium hobbyist or aquatic pet owner, go online to www.habitattitude.net. For more information about aquatic nuisance species in Kansas, visit the KDWP website, www.kdwp.state.ks.us.

Arkansas Game & Fish Commission

LITTLE ROCK, Ar –-(AmmoLand.com)- Feral hogs are not native to North America, but many feral hogs live in Arkansas because of illegal releases and high reproductive success. Hogs compete directly with many native game animals for food and destroy habitat for many other wildlife species.

The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission tries to eradicate feral hogs from its wildlife management areas and encourages private landowners to kill all free-ranging feral hogs on their property.

There are a number of problems caused by feral hogs, including:

• Habitat destruction – Feral hogs root for food and wallow, which destroys vegetation, ruins water holes used by other wildlife and contributes to erosion.
• Damage to endangered or sensitive plant/animal communities – Feral hogs can cause major, sometimes irreparable, damage to small, fragile habitats, such as acid seeps in the Ouachitas and cedar glades in the Ozarks.
• Disease – Feral hogs can carry brucellosis and pseudorabies, both of which can spread to livestock. Some diseases carried by feral hogs can be transmitted to humans. Gloves should always be worn when handling feral hogs.
• Direct competition with native wildlife – Deer, squirrels, ducks, turkeys, bears and many other species depend on acorns. Hogs also love acorns and are very efficient at finding them (often tearing up wildlife habitat in the process).
• Crop loss – Hogs often cause heavy damage to row crops, gardens, flower beds, pine plantations, orchards, tree farms and pastures.
• Trespass – It is illegal to release hogs or pigs on any public land. Feral hogs may be released only onto private land that is adequately fenced to prevent them from escaping. The Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission has additional regulations regarding disease testing, slaughter and identification of all hogs, including feral hogs.

On private land, feral hogs may be killed or trapped year-round by a landowner or anyone with the landowner’s permission (except anyone who has had his or her hunting license revoked). All general regulations for hunting safety should be observed.

The AGFC encourages hunters to shoot all feral hogs they see on WMAs. Hunters may kill feral hogs on WMAs during any open hunting season as long as they are using a weapon legal for that season. Only permit holders may hunt feral hogs during special permit hunts. Feral hogs killed on WMAs can be taken for processing or left where they were shot. Hunters may not use dogs, bait or traps to hunt feral hogs on WMAs and may not hunt at night.

The following WMAs have particularly high hog numbers. They may suffer extreme loss of habitat for deer, turkey and other wildlife if feral hogs are not eradicated:

• * Cut Off Creek WMA
• * Petit Jean WMA
• * Gene Rush WMA
• * Sulphur River WMA
• * Gulf Mountain WMA
• * Dr. Lester Sitzes III Bois d’Arc WMA
• * Harold E. Alexander Spring River WMA
• * Shirey Bay Rainey Brake WMA

New Jersey Fish and Game

Trenton, NJ --(AmmoLand.com)- The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s Division of Fish and Wildlife has issued a Special Wildlife Management Permit to control feral hogs in Deer Management Zone 25. Hunters do not need a special permit to pursue hogs in this zone. They need only have their regular hunting licenses and deer permits necessary to hunt deer during the applicable seasons. Feral hogs compete with wildlife for available food sources, prey upon ground-nesting birds and small mammals and may carry disease. For these reasons, feral hogs are classified as a potentially dangerous exotic animal. The increase in the population of feral hogs has also resulted in damage to lawns, golf courses, farm crops and forests in Gloucester County.

Feral hogs may be pursued during the season dates prescribed for Deer Management Zone 25 and may be harvested anywhere in Zone 25. Sportsmen and sportswomen will be permitted to shoot free-ranging feral hogs of either sex and any age while deer hunting during the Fall Bow, Permit Bow, Six-day Firearm, Permit Muzzleloader, Permit Shotgun and Winter Bow seasons, provided they have not reached the season bag limit for deer. The bag limit for feral hogs is unlimited and no hog permit is required. Shooting is permitted only Monday through Saturday during legal deer hunting hours. Only weapons authorized for deer hunting may be used to take feral hogs. Written permission must be obtained from the landowner to pursue feral hogs on private property.

Feral hogs must be checked at the Sportsmen’s Outpost on Fries Mill Road in Williamstown or at Ted’s Taxidermy, 713 Rt. 40, in Buena. Personnel from the New Jersey Department of Agriculture may be at the deer check station on key days of the hunting season to take samples. Harvested feral hogs may be retained for personal consumption. Sportsmen are responsible for the butchering and disposal of the carcass.

Deer hunters are advised that people can contract diseases, such as brucellosis from infected feral hogs. Plastic or rubber gloves should be worn while field-dressing feral hogs. Unwanted entrails should be burned, buried or disposed of to prevent access by animals. Work surfaces and utensils used to field-dress and butcher hogs should be cleaned and disinfected to prevent the spread of disease. Feral hog meat should be thoroughly cooked before it is eaten.

The special blanket permit offers sportsmen and sportswomen a unique opportunity to assist the Division of Fish and Wildlife in protecting New Jersey’s natural resources and species biodiversity. Though the known population of feral hogs in New Jersey is currently small, hunters can help eradicate them before they become well established and negatively affect the state’s natural heritage.

Pennsylvania Game Commission

HARRISBURG, PA –-(AmmoLand.com)- Heading into this past spring, it appeared stands of oaks on many Pennsylvania Game Commission State Game Lands were going to be hit hard by gypsy moth caterpillars. Limited funding for spraying from state agencies and municipalities had Pennsylvania in a bad way.

The state braced for what was forecasted to be another nasty gypsy moth caterpillar raid on oaks, conifers, hickories and other species in 25 mid-state and northeastern counties. But, the emerging caterpillars were hit by a fungus – Entomophaga maimaiga – a natural enemy, although not native to Pennsylvania; a virus – Lymantria dispar Multienveloped Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) that appeared in America about the same time the gypsy moth did; and a biological insecticide – Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) – sprayed on forestlands by the state Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. The caterpillars, thankfully, didn’t have a chance when this triple-threat hit them. That doesn’t mean they’re gone for good; just that they had to return to the starting block in population building.

“This is a blessing for our habitat managers because it assures them greater control over what happens to forests on State Game Lands,” said Carl G. Roe, Game Commission executive director. “It’s always our goal to manage State Game Lands on terms favorable to our wildlife. But nature obviously has a big say in what happens. This gypsy moth population collapse will be good for wildlife, good for forests and their managers and good for the folks who utilize forestlands for everything from hunting and trapping, to hiking and birdwatching.

“But as gypsy moths regroup – they always do – they are sure to resurface in the state’s woodlands some time in the next five to 10 years. It is a recurring problem Pennsylvania has endured since they arrived here in the 1930s. Just about every one of our State Game Lands has endured them at one time or another.”

Dave Henry, Southeast Region forester, considers the gypsy moth collapse a great break for the agency, but he notes that this latest outbreak and others that have occurred since the 1970s have had a serious consequences on State Game Lands and the state’s forest system.

“Although the oak resource on State Game Lands will be spared from a great deal of additional tree mortality, and past locations with moderate to severe damage will have a reasonable chance to recover from the stress of losing most of their leaves, oak resource losses from numerous rounds of gypsy moth caterpillar defoliation have been substantial,” Henry said. “I really wonder about how many more times our oaks and other desirable hardwoods can endure the next rise of gypsy moths or oak-leaf rollers, emerald ash borers or other devastating forest pests.”

The state’s forests have had more than they can handle when it comes to forest pests, tree diseases and invasive plants over the past century. At one time, the Commonwealth’s forests were dominated by thriving stands of American chestnut trees. The blight – also not native to North America – that would claim them struck in the early 1900s. But before it would smother our native chestnuts, gypsy moths would surface in Pennsylvania. So oaks, the mighty mast-producing chestnut’s successor, were already in trouble – at least in the Poconos – when the state’s blighted chestnuts died, the canopy cleared and they got their big moment in the sun.

Of course, a point could be made that deer, wild turkeys, cottontails and other wildlife benefit from the canopy consumption of gypsy moth caterpillars. It allows sunlight to reach the forest floor and spurs the growth of many plants that will provide food and cover. However, such analysis should factor in the reduction/loss of fall mast crops and important shade-loving understory plant species, and the immediate competition for open space that will erupt between native plants and incredibly aggressive, invasive non-native species, such as mile-a-minute weed and ailanthus. It most cases, native species don’t have a chance unless the landscape is sprayed with special herbicides.

In 2008, more than 400,000 forested acres were sprayed with Bt in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. And still, the gypsy moth expansion was expected to steamroll in 2009. It had momentum, and Pennsylvania’s attention, even if the state didn’t have the resources it needed to respond more aggressively. Then Entomophaga maimaiga, NPV and 300,000-plus gallons of Bt hit the emerging caterpillars. Now at the height of the gypsy moth’s egg-laying period – July and early August – many of Pennsylvania’s once imperiled oaks are pushing acorns, not daisies.

Most kept their leaves. That’s good news for oaks, wildlife and Pennsylvanians, particularly hunters.

Deer hunters who find the acorns in coming months should have a good chance of finding deer, because deer and many other wildlife species seek out acorns – loaded with carbs, fats and protein – in the fall to store energy in preparation for winter. Last fall, deer hunting was different for many Pennsylvanians, because the oak stands they usually hunted were defoliated earlier by caterpillars and consequently devoid of acorns and deer. Hunters found out at the last minute deer weren’t in their usual places and had to work hard to find where they went. Some never did.

“This unexpected reprieve from serious forest defoliation will hopefully make it somewhat easier for hunters to find deer activity centers in the state’s heartland and the northeastern counties,” said Robert C. Boyd, agency Bureau of Wildlife Management assistant director. “These were the areas where gypsy moth caterpillars were poised to do the most damage this year. But this reprieve doesn’t mean it’ll be easier to shoot a deer this fall. Hunting deer is almost always a challenging pursuit.”

This spring, the Game Commission’s gypsy moth suppression efforts in southcentral counties included spraying about 3,000 acres of State Game Lands in Juniata, Perry and Snyder counties. In the Northeast Region, the agency focused on State Game Lands in Luzerne, Monroe and Pike counties. In the Southeast, State Game Lands in Berks, Dauphin, Lebanon, Lancaster and York counties were targeted.

On State Game Lands in the state’s northeastern counties, the previous three years were worse than this spring, according to agency forester Warren Harris.

“The last round of gypsy moth defoliation was not as devastating to State Game Lands in the northeast as some of the previous outbreaks,” Harris explained. “There was a lot of defoliation over the past three years, but many of our State Game Lands were not hit and where caterpillars were found in large numbers we sprayed. Last year, parts of Columbia, Luzerne, Monroe and Pike counties had the largest populations. When the caterpillars emerged this spring, they continued to cause moderate to heavy damage until their population collapse occurred.”

Wherever gypsy moth caterpillars have caused damage on State Game Lands there still is considerable potential for habitat to rebound as it has in some northeastern counties. Many of the defoliated trees can recover. The same applies to understory that suddenly found itself in direct sunlight. But whenever habitat changes, there are always winners and losers among the area’s flora and fauna. Such is life; and death.

“It’s important to remember our State Game Lands have been through this before, and our losses this time weren’t as great as they could have been,” explained Bill Capouillez, agency Wildlife Habitat Management Bureau director. “Where gypsy moths have hit us hard the past couple years, we have salvage cut and started new forested areas. Where caterpillar damage was only moderate, we hope the trees will recover and forest interior species can make do.”

Southeast Regional Forester Henry noted that hard mast trees have a propensity to respond vigorously after gypsy moth population crashes.

“Trees stressed by gypsy moth caterpillars will attempt to produce more mast while attempting to survive,” Henry said. “The response of oak trees will depend on the level of stress the trees experienced. Trees subjected to lower levels of impacts, along with less drought stress, will respond more quickly and potentially produce more acorns.”

If you decide to keep score in afflicted areas, please note that red, black, pin and scarlet oaks produce acorns that mature only every two years. White and chestnut oak acorns mature annually. Consequently it could be one to three years until you see an average or better acorn crop in the area(s) you’re watching.

Southcentral Region Forester Tom Lewis pointed out that salvage operations were conducted Bedford and Fulton counties to harvest stands of trees that were dead or dying from gypsy moth defoliation. Additional oak mortality salvage cuts will be made in Blair, Franklin and Perry counties.

“Some of these areas are already stocked with sufficient levels of regeneration, which will eventually develop into quality sources of food and cover for wildlife,” Lewis said. “However, a few areas either lack sufficient desirable regeneration or contain a high proportion of less-desirable plant species and may require remedial silvicultural treatments to enhance the establishment and development of beneficial trees and shrubs for wildlife. Either way, the forest we want will grow, one just requires a little more of our attention.”

Sometimes, removing trees isn’t an option. But that’s not always such a bad thing either, according to Harris, the Northeast Region forester.

“Dead trees that are left standing provide an abundance of snags that are used by insects and nesting songbirds,” Harris said. “I have worked areas where my ears were ringing at the end of the day after listening to the constant calling of juvenile birds in cavities that had mistaken the sound of my footsteps for their mother returning to their nest with food.”

Trees are important to wildlife. In fact, the overwhelming majority of wild birds and mammals that inhabit or pass through this state on migratory routes depend on or use trees, their fruits or the shady places they create at one point or another in their lifecycle. Trees matter. So does forest composition. That’s why the agency’s foresters work so hard to manage the hundreds of thousands of forested acres found on State Game Lands. It also explains why gypsy moths can wreak so much havoc in forestland by killing/severely stressing trees, giving sunlight access to the forest floor, and promoting unwanted changes in forest composition.

About:
Facts from the Pennsylvania Game Commission: The gypsy moth was introduced from Europe into Medford, Massachusetts, in 1869, by Leopold Trouvelot, who was attempting to breed the insect for silk production. Unfortunately, some of the caterpillars escaped from his backyard rearing facility, and by the early 1900′s they began defoliating large areas of New England. Gypsy moth was first discovered in Pennsylvania near Pittston, in Luzerne and Lackawanna counties in 1932. During the 30′s and 40′s it continued to spread to Pike, Lackawanna, Wayne, Monroe, and Carbon counties. By 1969, it had spread west of the Susquehanna River, and by 1980, 38 Pennsylvania counties were infested. The gypsy moth has now moved beyond our state. It is now found as far west as Minnesota, with populations reaching outbreak levels every 5-10 years.

Feral Cats are Invasive Species

Manqsquan, NJ - -(AmmoLand.com)- There has been much made of the supposed “Positive Results” of Trap Neuter and Release (TNR). What proponents fail to mention is that Feral Cats are not outside pets and suffer horribly from the lack of food, water, shelter and regular medical care while living outside exposed to the elements.

The number of feral cats suffering under the guise of TNR is staggering. It is estimated that the township of Jackson, NJ has 1000+ feral cats, while Point Pleasant Beach NJ Animal Welfare Committee estimates there are some 200 -300 feral cats in Pt Beach, NJ alone.

The popularity of TNR programs has been put forward as an acceptable solution by animal rights extremist organizations.

Under the guidance of radical NO-Kill groups, whose admitted goal is equal rights for animal and humans, they have been promoting TNR as a way to prevent the euthanization of cats and pushing forward their “Feel Good” policy of keeping animals alive at all cost.

Feral Cats Are an Invasive Species:
Feral Cats are so damaging to the environment that the Global Invasive Species Database lists Feral Cats as number 38 out of 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. More dangerous than Fire Ants (86), Rats (80) and Killer Bees. Would you Trap Neuter and Release rats or killer bees and they are consider less of an environmental threat?

The domestic cat hunts and eats over a thousand species. Even well-fed domestic cats may hunt and kill, mainly catching small mammals, but also birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish. Hunting by domestic cats is the leading cause of the decline in the numbers of birds in urban areas.

Yet under TNR cats are trapped, then provided with medical care and food in warm clean environment. Once they are judged to be healthy their ears are clipped, to identify them as being previously trapped, and they are released back into your local back yard cat colony.

Feral Cats Spread Rabies:
In recent weeks there has been a dramatic upswing in the incident of rabies in local wild animals. Many times the vector source of the spread of rabies is established cat colonies as evidenced by the recent warnings by Point Pleasant Beach’s animal control officer and the suspension of their much touted TNR program. This close proximity of rabid feral cats, living on our beaches and in our parks, exposes natural wildlife and all of us to increased risk of rabies and other serious diseases. Oh, did I mention that with the current suspension there is no trapping of feral cats so rabid cats are left to infect more animals and possibly humans, while they suffer the maddening consequences of rabies and die alone in the wild?

Feral Cats in the Wild is Animal Cruelty:
Domestic cats left in the wild even with “animal sponsors” suffer from horrible conditions. Cats are territorial so when a new cat is trapped under TNR and its brief vacation in a loving animal shelter is over it is released in the local “Cat Colony” where it must now fight for its life with established feral cats for food, water and territory. Not to mention the cold, heat, rain, fleas, tics, parasites, automobile traffic and encounters with indigenous wild animals that this frightened house hold pet must endure just so individuals can feel good about not having had to euthanize this poor creature.

A Better Solution:
A Better Solution would be towns taking responsible steps to reduce the chance of domestic cats escaping or breeding in the wild followed with a comprehensive Trap and Keep policy.

All towns should pass ordinances so domestic cats are licensed the same as dogs, and like dogs, the ordinance should read that cats can not be allowed outside without a leash. All the same fines and penalties for dog owners should apply to cat owners found letting their cat run free or unlicensed. This would reduce the negative effects that household pet cats have on wildlife and would greatly reduce the chances of them breeding with each other and with feral cats in the wild.

In fact this solution is the preferred choice of the following organizations over TNR.
• American Bird Conservancy
• Humane Society Of The United States (HSUS)
• Audubon Society
• Bird Conservation Alliance
• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)

Lastly existing wild cats and cat colonies should be trapped, rehabilitated and adopted out or euthanized. Money raised from the cat licensing process should be used to fund the Trap and Remove Program.

The No-Kill animal organizations will disagree and fight these common sense ideas tooth and nail even if it means these poor cats will continue to suffer.

So that leaves level headed town residents to be the ones to ask their Mayor and Councils to end this cruel and inhumane practice of Trap, Neuter and Release. This is a hard step but the best one for animals and one that responsible animal lovers should do for unfortunate animals in bad situations.

Pennsylvania Game Commission

HARRISBURG, PA – -(AmmoLand.com)- Pennsylvania Game Commission Executive Director Carl G. Roe today announced that he was retaining protection on feral swine in Bedford County in an effort to facilitate trapping by individuals permitted by the agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Roe did, however, lift the protection in Bradford, Fulton, Susquehanna and Wyoming counties. Under the executive order, issued in May of 2008, protection remains lifted on feral swine in the remaining 62 counties.

“This decision to lift protection in these four counties is based on a lack of recent reports of feral swine in these areas,” Roe said. “Also, we have not identified opportunities for trapping in these areas. Should these opportunities arise, we will reinstate the restrictions on swine hunting in particular areas of interest.

“Trapping is the most effective way to remove feral swine from the wild, because it limits their dispersal into new areas. If funding is not available for trapping, we may consider lifting protection in Bedford County, as well.”

The Game Commission has determined that the eradication of feral swine from Pennsylvania is necessary to prevent further harm to public and private property, threats to native wildlife and disease risks for wildlife and the state’s pork industry. The agency is not seeking to establish a hunting season, but is committed to rid Pennsylvania of this invasive species.

Roe noted that the Game Commission has launched a “Feral Swine” section on its website (www.pgc.state.pa.us), and includes links to the executive order and a map delineating the counties in which feral swine may be taken incidental to other hunting seasons.

Licensed hunters, including those who qualify for license and fee exemptions, are eligible to participate in the unlimited incidental taking of feral swine in those 64 counties where feral swine are not protected. They may use manually-operated rifles, revolvers or shotguns, as well as muzzleloaders, bows and crossbows. All other methods and devices legal for taking feral swine must be conducted and/or used in compliance with the provisions of Section 2308 of Title 34 (Game and Wildlife Code), which can be viewed on the agency’s website (www.pgc.state.pa.us) in the “Laws & Regulations” section in the left-hand column of the homepage.

Additionally, the agency may issue permits to authorize individuals to engage in feral swine trapping operations, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services. Feral swine trapping, by permitted individuals, will only be allowed from the close of the flintlock muzzleloading season in mid-January to the beginning of spring gobbler season, and from the end of spring gobbler season until the beginning of archery deer season.

Any person who kills a feral swine must report it to the Game Commission Region Office that serves the county in which the harvest took place within 24 hours. Agency personnel will gather samples to monitor for the presence of disease.

Roe encouraged residents who witness feral swine to also contact the Region Office that serves their county. For contact information, as well as list of counties that each region office serves, visit the Game Commission’s website (www.pgc.state.pa.us), click on the “Contact Us” link in the left-hand column of the homepage and scroll down to “Region Offices.”

Nearly 25 states across the nation have persistent and possibly permanent populations of feral swine established in the wild, and Pennsylvania is one of 16 new states where introduction is more recent and may still be countered through decisive eradication efforts.

Feral swine have been declared to be an injurious, non-native, invasive species of concern in Pennsylvania that are suspected to have been introduced into the wilds of this Commonwealth through a variety of means, including both intentional and unintentional releases. Feral swine also have been determined to pose a significant, imminent and unacceptable threat to this Commonwealth’s natural resources, including wildlife and its habitats; the agricultural industry, including crop and livestock production; the forest products industry; and human health and safety.

The Game and Wildlife Code (Title 34) and agency regulations (Title 58) provide broad authority to the Game Commission to regulate activities relating to the protection, preservation and management of all game and wildlife. However, the agency was only declared to have jurisdiction over matters relating to feral swine by the state Supreme Court in Seeton v. PGC. In its decision, handed down on Dec. 27, 2007, the Supreme Court decision declared feral swine to be “protected mammals,” and, as a consequence, feral swine could only be taken as authorized by the agency.

About:
For more than 100 years, the Pennsylvania Game Commission has managed the Commonwealth’s wildlife resources for all Pennsylvanians. With the help of more than 700 full-time employees and thousands of part-timers and volunteers, the agency provides a host of benefits to wildlife, state residents and visitors.

West Virginia DNR

SOUTH CHARLESTON, W.Va. – -(Ammoland.com)-The invasive algae known as Didymo has been found in Seneca Creek near its confluence with Whites Run, according to Mike Shingleton, Assistant Chief, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Section. An angler fishing in Seneca Creek had earlier sent DNR a picture of what he believed was Didymo.

DNR personnel investigated the Didymo report and collected samples from Seneca Creek. Whites Run was also inspected in its lower reaches, but nothing resembling Didymo was observed. The Seneca Creek samples were sent to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources for confirmation. All samples contained Didymo.

In 2008, Didymo’s presence was confirmed from Elk River, Gandy Creek, and Glady Fork.

Didymo is a common name for Didymosphenia geminata, a freshwater diatom species that can form extensive mats on stream beds. The thick mats can cover native algae and aquatic insects, making fishing very difficult. These thick mats appear slimy, but feel more like cotton or wool fabric. The algal mats are also called “rock snot” and can be white, yellow or brown in color – but not green, as is most algae. The algae form stalks that attach to rocks. While the algae eventually die and break off, the stalks persist and may impact stream habitats and aquatic organisms for weeks or months.

Didymo can be attached to waders, paddles and boats. Felt-soled boots and waders are likely the worst culprit in the spread of these algae. The porous material stays damp and the algae cells can remain alive in the damp felt bottoms. DNR encourages anglers and all others to take precautions against moving Didymo and other potential invasive species from one water body to another. While anglers and boaters may be responsible for the introduction of some unwanted species, they also are the most important line of defense in minimizing the spread of aquatic invasive species by following a few simple steps.

• Before leaving a stream, scrub mud and debris off of boots and fishing gear.
• Disinfect boots and equipment by scrubbing or soaking in five percent salt solution (two cups of salt in 2.5 gallons of water) for one minute and then let dry completely. You may also scrub equipment with dishwashing detergent and rinse well.
• Allowing equipment to completely dry for at least 48 hours will also kill Didymo, but realize that felt bottoms of boots may require longer drying times.
• Soak items in very hot water (140° F).
• Freeze overnight.

Anglers are encouraged to report unusual algal mats that may be Didymo to DNR district offices and the Elkins and Charleston offices. Information is also available on the DNRWeb site at www.wvdnr.gov/Fishing/didymo.shtm.